Localization – Page 3 – The Logical Blog

January 31, 2014

Localization: Training & Development in Canada

by Jen Weaver

While close in proximity, Canada–our neighbor to the north–is quite different from the U.S. Let's explore some common cultural facts about Canadians and their expectations when it comes to training and development.

Test Your Knowledge of Canadian Culture

English and French are the official languages of Canada. What is the third most common language?

German
Chinese
Russian

True or False? All of Canada is in the same time zone.
Canadian culture more closely resembles

American
British

What is a "Double Double"?

Quick Tips for Training & Development in Canada¹:

Facts are given precedence over feelings, and objective information is preferred over subjective.
Business focus is given to completing tasks rather than establishing relationships. Demonstrate immediate results by establishing short-term tasks, and be sure to highlight your progress along the way.
Individual recognition is a desired reward. Call attention to distinct successes to drive results.
French provinces have different cultural values than the rest of the country. French-speaking Canadians are prone to interrupting during conversations and are less punctual than English-speaking Canadians. When working with French Canadians, provide your materials in French as well as English. And be careful to remember that French for Canada is different than French for France.
In Quebec, all commercial endeavors must be in French, and French is the only legal language for conducting business.
With a wide variety of ethnicities present in Canada, business etiquette often reflects one's ethnic background and may differ from those of other Canadians. Keep this in mind and cater your interactions based on the individual you're working with.

Canadian Culture Answers:

(b) Chinese. There are also large populations of Punjabi and Spanish speakers.
False. Canada actually spans six different time zones.
(b) British. Canadian culture tends to be more reserved, and you may need to overcome American stereotypes of being overbearing or intrusive.
Nope, it's not a cheeseburger. A "Double Double" is a coffee with two creams and two sugars.

References:

¹Morrison, Terri, & Conaway, Wayne A. Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands, 2nd ed. (2006). Avon: Adams Media.

***

Developing international training and development materials? Contact Jen at Carmazzi Global Solutions.

January 9, 2014

Localization: Training & Development in Brazil

by Jen Weaver

In honor of the recent holidays, in this week's article we visit with Papai Noel who leaves his home in Greenland and brings us to the warm climate of Brazil. Brazil's Santa Claus sometimes dons a red silk suit to survive the heat of a summer Christmas and came through the front door on Christmas Eve since fireplaces are rare in this country. Let's look at some other fun facts and explore their cultural impact on training and development.

Test Your Knowledge of Brazilian Culture

What is the official language of Brazil?

Spanish
Portuguese
English

True or False? Brazil is Latin America's largest and most populous country.
True or False? The macho male image no longer exists in Brazilian culture.
The colors of the Brazilian flag are green and yellow. Should foreigners:

Try to wear this color combination as much as possible.
Pay it no mind when selecting outfits.
Avoid wearing this color combination.

Quick Tips for Training & Development in Brazil¹:

The family unit is highly valued in Brazilian culture, and loyalty is the first priority. Brazilians view family and personal life as private topics, and they are not discussed with acquaintances.
Emotions are involved in problem-solving, and one's feelings may override facts when making decisions. The Brazilian way also includes finding loopholes, so keep this in mind when instituting new practices or policies.
Brazilian time is not punctual. The importance of time is placed on the time spent together and on accomplishing the task rather than starting or ending meetings promptly. When scheduling classes, you may want to stress "American time", not "Brazilian time", so participants arrive promptly.
A warm friendly approach will receive a much better response than strictly professional interactions. When building in-person relationships, try to schedule meetings to run into meal times, as sharing a meal aids in establishing your connection. When arriving for a dinner or invited outing, it's considered polite to be 15 minutes late.
If training or conducting meetings in February or March, be mindful of the Brazil Carnival, which takes place the four days preceding Lent.
Brazilians often value the personal connections within a company more than the company name itself. When possible, maintain the same point of contact or trainer to retain rapport.
Animated and sometimes boisterous conversations-including interruptions- are the norm. Close proximity and physically touching the hands or arms are also common, so be prepared and try not to respond stiffly.
In a classroom setting, you may see students flicking their fingertips underneath the chin. This means they do not know the answer to a question.

Trivia Answers:

(b) Portuguese. Due to large immigrant groups, some communities also speak German, Spanish, Italian, French, English or Amerindian languages. Provide training documents in both English and Brazilian Portuguese (it's different from Portugal Portuguese).
True.
False. Many Brazilian men still view women as subordinate.
(c) Avoid wearing this color combination, as it may be perceived as offensive or insensitive.

***

Developing international training and development materials? Contact Jen at Carmazzi Global Solutions.

November 13, 2013

Localization: Training & Development in Belgium

by Jen Weaver

Did you know that Belgium is the European country with the most complex language legislation? But what does complex language legislation mean, and how does it impact training and development?

Belgium is comprised of four linguistic regions but only has three national languages (the Brussels-Capital region is bilingual). Legislation exists to protect individuals in the linguistic minority in each region–laws that may mandate the translation of your training materials, handbooks, and eLearning lessons.

Test your Knowledge of Belgian Culture:

True or False? While English is the language of choice for politicians, it's not one of Belgium's official languages.
Belgium is a:

Democratic Union
Republic
Kingdom

True or False? Given the diversity of the Belgian population, very little ethnic bias is evident in their culture.

Quick Tips for Training & Development in Belgium¹:

When seeking to do business in Europe, Belgium is a frequent test market as they provide an accurate representation of the age, income, and education of the average European Union Member. They also represent a smaller audience to test receptivity to your product and message.
Most Belgians are Roman Catholic. Religious ideals and absolutes play into everyday decision making.
Belgians are highly risk-adverse. Some attribute this to German invasions in the country's history. This lends to rigidity, a high value of structure and stability, and an emphasis on mutual trust. Keep this in mind when crafting your training materials and build rapport early on through consistency and a clearly communicated plan.
Month-long vacations are common and may interrupt ongoing training classes or meetings.
Use high-end graphics in your handbooks and presentations as Belgians appreciate visual examples.
As there are three distinct linguistic groups in Belgium, be mindful of your audience and their unique customs. If you're unsure of what language is best to use, speak English and never discuss a preference towards French, German, or Dutch in particular. Language plays a large role in establishing relationships, so take care to determine if you can meet the linguistic needs of the entire population.
There are several American gestures or postures that hold different meanings in Belgium:
- Standing with your hands in your pockets is offensive.
- The okay sign means zero.
- Pointing with your index finger is rude so be sure to gesture with your full hand.

Knowledge Answers from Above:

True. Belgium's official languages are French, Dutch, and German and the prevailing language will differ per region. While English is widely used, it is not one of the official languages.
Belgium is a Kingdom, a constitutional monarchy where the King is Chief of State.
False. Class distinctions are prevalent and many individuals still hold ethnic bias.

References:

¹Morrison, Terri, and Wayne A. Conaway, Kiss, Bow, Or Shake Hands, 2nd ed. (Avon: Adams Media, 2006).

***

Developing training & development materials for in-country use? Contact Jen at Carmazzi Global Solutions.

October 27, 2013

Localization: Training & Development in Australia

by Jen Weaver

When we're talking about expanding your global client-base, knowing specific details about the culture, customs, preferences and traditions of your target market can have a profound impact on the effectiveness of your eLearning materials. Even in countries where the primary language is English, such as Australia, there can be many variations in the use of the language. Let's explore some of the common cultural facts about Australians and their expectations when it comes to training and development.

Test your General knowledge of Australian Culture:

Christmas falls in what season in Australia?
Australians typically prefer which approach to presentations?
1. Extremely detailed
2. Brief and to the point
English grammar in Australia is:
1. The same as American English
2. The same as British English
3. A mixture of American and British English

Quick Tips For Training & Development in Australia¹:

While English is the official language, the Australian accent and colloquialisms causes their language to stand apart. Want to throw some meat on the barbie?
It's common for Australians to shorten words to a single syllable and then add a long "e" at the end. This is how Australians are known as "Aussies."
Australians are typically driven by facts rather than emotion or personal feelings on the subject. Keep this in mind if your training hinges upon emotional tenets and be prepared to back it up with facts and statistics.
Personal lives are largely removed from the business setting and are not commonly discussed.
You may find it difficult to stress the importance of timeliness unless there are clear repercussions.
Australians tend to prefer modesty over boasting about their accomplishments and tend to value modesty in others. When possible, allow results to speak for themselves rather than discussing past achievements.
When looking for every-day examples and scenarios, use sports and local sights rather than political or religious examples.
If training in person, Australian proximity-distance is similar to the United States. Aussies prefer about two feet of distance when conversing, so be mindful of their personal space and don't get close like you would in many Latin American cultures.
While translation is not necessarily needed for training materials going to Australia, localization of key phrases and images may be beneficial.

Fun-Fact Answers:

Summer
(b) Brief and to the point.
(c) A mixture of American and British English.

References:

¹Morrison, Terri, and Wayne A. Conaway, Kiss, Bow, Or Shake Hands, 2nd ed. (Avon: Adams Media, 2006).

***

Developing training & development materials for in-country use? Contact Jen at Carmazzi Global Solutions.

October 6, 2013

Localization: Training & Development in Argentina

by Jen Weaver

In a previous article I discussed the importance of knowing your target market–their culture, customs, and expectations. This week I'll explore the cultural nuances of the Latin American culture, specifically in Argentina.

Test your general knowledge of Argentinean culture with the Fun-Fact questions below.

The __________ is the national dance obsession in Argentina.
Which type of business attire is most appropriate–especially in the capital, Buenos Aires?
1. Trendy. Only wear what is up-and-coming.
2. Conservative. If you want to be taken seriously.
3. Expressive. Clothing must represent your unique personality.
Compared with other South Americans, Argentines have a reputation for:
1. Seriousness and melancholy.
2. Joviality and happiness.
3. Outgoing and outlandish personalities.
Spanish is the official language, although many people speak English. Other commonly spoken languages include __________, __________, and __________.

Quick Tips For Training & Development in Argentina¹

As a culture, Argentines are known to have a high ranking in uncertainty avoidance² which may cause hesitancy to risk or change. It will be helpful to substantiate your perspectives with facts and statistics and allow time for confidence to build in the new initiative.
Visitors are expected to arrive on time for business meetings; but it is culturally acceptable for Argentine participants to be late, especially if they hold an important title or role. Keep this in mind when scheduling meetings or classes, and clarify if attendance is necessary en punto (on the dot).
Dinner, typically, does not begin until 10 p.m. on weekdays, so it is common to have coffee and pastries in the early evening (somewhere between 4:00-6:00). Be mindful of this should you hold a training class in the afternoon as this snack break may be expected.
Strive to maintain eye contact when speaking, and avoid placing your hands on your hips as this could be interpreted as anger.
Many Argentines have double first names (i.e. Maria Theresa) but may go by Maria, Theresa, or Maria Theresa. Until you are sure which name they use, it is safest to address them by their surnames.

Fun-Fact Answers:

Tango
(b) Business people should bring a conservative wardrobe to be taken seriously.
(a) seriousness and melancholy. To call someone or something "not serious" is a harsh accusation.
Italian, German & French

References:

¹Morrison, Terri, and Wayne A. Conaway, Kiss, Bow, Or Shake Hands, 2nd ed. (Avon: Adams Media, 2006).

²One of the cultural dimensions defined by Geert Hofstede.

***

Developing training & development materials for in-country use? Contact Jen at Carmazzi Global Solutions.

August 15, 2013

Localization & Training: The Logistics of On-Site Interpretation

by Jen Weaver

Sun Tzu is credited with saying "The line between disorder and order lies in logistics." As professional trainers, you know this truth all too well. The most well written curriculum can become futile if logistics get in the way, and few logistical tasks will impact your class more hazardously than the need for an on-site interpreter.

The legal requirements to provide an interpreter in the classroom vary based on industry and meeting scope. However, the involvement of a limited English speaking student and their communication needs will still have to be addressed. Once you have determined that an interpreter is needed to assist one or more limited English proficient (LEP) participants, there are a few key logistical factors to consider:

How many LEPs are in attendance and for what languages?

The more LEPs in your course, the more logistical considerations arise. For example, if there are 10 Spanish speakers, you may want to group them together for projects or discussions with one interpreter rather than having an individual interpreter for each Spanish-speaker.

Do you want Simultaneous or Consecutive Interpretation?

Simultaneous Interpretation is the oral interpretation of a speaker's words into another language while the speaker is still speaking. This usually requires the use of an interpretation booth and audio equipment (with a headset for every LEP). If more than one language will be interpreted (i.e. Spanish and German), Simultaneous Interpretation is usually the best option.

Note: For Deaf Individuals Simultaneous ASL will occur without the use of equipment but typically requires the provision of multiple interpreters.

Consecutive Interpretation is the oral interpretation of a speaker's words into another language when the speaker pauses every few minutes to allow time for interpretation. This method does not require the use of specialized equipment, but it will extend the course time to allow for interpretation.

How many Interpreters are needed?

Generally speaking, appointments including any of the following factors may require a team of interpreters (two or more linguists) for each language:

The appointment lasts longer than 2 hours.
Simultaneous Interpretation is required.
Multiple LEP's are expected to be in attendance.

What additional materials require written translation/interpretation?

If the class includes videos, online modules, written handbooks, tests or handouts, these materials may need to be translated in advance to ensure appropriate learning for all participants. Additional services may include foreign language subtitling or voiceovers.

Are there any time limitations that must be extended?

Additional time may need to be allocated to LEP participants. We have a client who stipulates a three-minute time limit on audience questions during large meetings. For audience members requiring an interpreter, this time limit was extended to six minutes to allow time for the LEP to verbalize their question and then for the interpreter to interpret. Time limitations may need to be extended for the overall course agenda if consecutive interpretation is utilized.

Will the Interpreter be needed for assistance beyond the class itself?

On occasion clients will request that interpreters meet the LEP at the sign-in table to assist with registration, accompany them for lunches, or assist with key conversations outside of the training class.

Preparing in advance for these important details will help ensure the success of your training program with a multi-lingual audience. Have you had any unique experiences scheduling on-site interpreters that you'd like to share? Or perhaps have a question about navigating interpretation logistics? Please send us your comments.

***
If you would like to learn best practices for managing translation projects, contact Jen at Carmazzi Global Solutions.

August 1, 2013

Localization & eLearning: Taking Dialect Into Account When Translating Content

by Jen Weaver

Everyone has a dialect. Sometimes we think of dialect as an accent; however, an accent is merely how words are pronounced. A dialect has its own grammar, vocabulary, syntax, slang, and pronunciation rules that make it distinct from other dialects of the same language. The United State alone has more than 30 different English dialects. Sometimes the application of a dialect is intentional as we acclimate to a new community. However most of the time, we do not choose our dialects; we simply accept the language we are exposed to.

When working with foreign language learners, it is important to not only translate into the appropriate language, but also into the correct dialect. Here are some quick facts to keep in mind for these commonly translated languages:

Chinese

In verbal form, there are two primary dialects for Chinese: Mandarin and Cantonese. In writing, Chinese is actually two separate languages: Simplified Chinese, and Traditional Chinese. Mandarin is the spoken name for Simplified Chinese and Cantonese is the spoken name for Traditional Chinese. Simplified is used on mainland China, Traditional (also known as Hong Kong) Chinese is used in Taiwan.

Spanish

There are many regional flavors available when translating into Spanish

Universal Spanish: this takes the most general "flavor" rather than a flavor specific to a region or country.
Latin American Spanish
Spanish for Mexico
Castilian Spanish (Spoken in Central and Northern Spain. This is also the language standard for radio and television speakers.)

Location Variations

Some languages use the same name but are very different based on the country your learners are based in:

French for France vs. Canadian French
Portuguese for Portugal vs. Portuguese for Brazil
Arabic for Iraq vs. Arabic for Algeria vs. Arabic for Syria (Arabic is different in most countries)

Dialect is an important part of making sure your translated materials relate to your specific target audience. Your translation service provider should ask you about dialect requirements prior to the start of your translation project. If you are uncertain of which regional dialect to use or your target market includes several different regional dialect areas, a more universal translation may be the best option.

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If you would like to learn best practices for managing translation projects, contact Jen at Carmazzi Global Solutions.

July 10, 2013

Localization & eLearning: The Translation Process

by Jen Weaver

You are ready to move forward with your translation project, but despite your preparation you still feel a bit in the dark about what steps will be involved in creating your translation. The 'unknowns' can make you feel a bit fearful about moving forward. So let's bring some light to the situation, and uncover those foggy areas of the translation process. We have broken out the steps to a typical e-learning project below to help you better understand what will occur with your project.

Project Scope: Translation of an e-learning module from US English into Chinese

Evaluation

Analysis of material from the technical and cultural viewpoint to determine objectives, target audience and culture-specific content.
Evaluation of source material, layout, as well as the quantity and type of graphics used.
Project assessment to determine frequently used vocabulary, register, file format, etc.
Selection of team components, tools and software to be used.
Overall project assessment including identification of Professional Voice Talents comparable to project goals.
Research and provision of Voice Talent demo recordings from voice bank.
Casting of Voice Talents based on client approval.

Preparation

Extracting of the text from its original file format in (InDesign, PPT, etc). This includes preparation of graphics, graphs, and charts.
Transcribing (if it is not already done) the audio script for recording to include time stamp.

Translation, Editing, & Proofreading

Translation of the text from the source file.
Editing and Proofreading by professional target language (native speaker) editors.

Client Review

Delivery of proofs to Client for internal review.
Review and one round of input of client changes.

Voice Over Recording

Approved voice talent will record in a studio and will be directed by a studio director who is also a native in the language.
Use of fully digital, industrial strength Pro Tools recording system.
SP capabilities, time coded DAT, Neumann microphones, Industrial Acoustics sound booth.

Audio Client Review

Implementation of one round of client changes pre-delivery of completed files (edits can be pronunciation preference, slower speed, faster speed, error in script, etc).

Voice Over Recording of requested changes

Requested changes will be implemented and finalized, following the same process as Voice Over Recording.

Localization Engineering/Desktop publishing

Localization engineers/desktop publishers will ensure all components of the project have been fully localized.
All graphics/visuals will be formatted into the target language.
Localization engineers will sync audio files to the animations, ensuring all files are running properly.
Language tester will do a final QA of the end product, checking that all audio clips are clear and running to match the animation on screen.

Delivery

Delivery of final file (Java, XML, HTML, other formats), tested to ensure all localized components are in working order (audio is synced with animation, etc).

Reliable translation providers will use a translation process that adheres to basic industry quality best practices. Don't be afraid to ask your vendor about their internal translation and quality management processes. A reputable vendor will be proud to share this information with you.

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If you would like to learn best practices for managing translation projects, contact Jen at Carmazzi Global Solutions.

July 3, 2013

Localization & eLearning: What Languages Should You Use?

by Jen Weaver

Congratulations! Your English eLearning course has achieved such tremendous success that your company is ready to produce the materials in additional languages. Often this request flows from a grand vision–your products and services spanning the globe with clients and students in every continent and every country.

As inspiring as your vision may be, getting there requires careful planning, time, money and strategic execution. Step one for expanding your global market means answering the following question: what language should we translate into?

Here are some tips for getting started:

Start with the present need. Do you have a client or potential client that is already requesting materials be provided in another language? This is the ideal place to start because the ROI on your translation investment is guaranteed.
Start with the pending need. This is the next best option when you don't have a client already requesting translation. This is where research and development play a critical role in your company's growth. Knowing which countries and cultures you want to target with your eLearning courses will help narrow and focus your translation goals.
Consider marketing materials. Selling translated eLearning programs is much simpler when the sales and marketing approaches are united. Many clients start with the translation of their marketing materials (including website) and then proceed to translate the eLearning program once the sale is finalized.
Roll out languages in phases. The transition into multi-lingual production is quite an undertaking and is best accomplished when rolled out in phases. Begin with the language of most pressing need or benefit, and then roll out additional languages once the first phase has completed. Attempting to roll out too many languages at once can slow down your production times and increase the risk of errors. If this is your first foray in translation, you can evaluate the successes of the project and implement improvements for future languages when the first phase is complete.
Choose a translation approach. Will you handle written translations with internal resources or will you utilize an outside language provider? While it may be less expensive to handle translation needs internally, a language vendor will possess the experience and expertise necessary to help you foresee and overcome potential translation obstacles.

With some deliberate planning, you can see your vision for global reach realized.

***

If you would like to learn best practices for managing translation projects, contact Jen at Carmazzi Global Solutions.

June 13, 2013

Localization: Is There Value Above and Beyond Translation?

by Jen Weaver

In a previous article, I defined localization as the process of adapting a product (in the context of translation, usually software) to a specific locale (i.e. to the language, cultural norms, standards, laws and requirements of the target market). Localization includes, but is not limited to, translation of the screen texts and help files. You may be thinking, "Isn't translation enough; why do I need to localize too?" Localizing a translation personalizes your product or service to your intended audience.

Here is an example of how one client utilized localization to personalize their training materials to a Latin American audience:

A client in the training/education industry was determined to translate their training materials and textbook from English into Spanish. During the initial discussions of the project scope, the translation project manager broached the subject of including localization of their training materials. The client was using these materials to offer training in Latin America; and by making small localization updates, these materials would be better suited for their new target audience. The inclusion of localization to the project did not significantly change the timeline or cost, and the value gained by personalizing the translation to their target audience was worth the minimal increase.

Localization updates to the project included:

Replacing American locale images with those set in Latin American locales.
Changing character names (i.e. changing Joe to Jose and Jessica to Marcela).
Localizing dollar figures to the more appropriate format in Latin America (i.e. five dollars $5.00 American is written $5,00 in many Spanish speaking countries).

These simple changes were incorporated during the translation process and approved by the client review team. By investing a small amount of resources in this localization project, their target audience received materials that were uniquely catered to them. The client later shared that the relatability of the materials to the Latin American audience created a higher receptivity towards the learning process and an overall higher success rate in the training course.

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If you would like to learn best practices for managing translation projects, contact Jen at Carmazzi Global Solutions.