Jargon Watch: Trainings/eLearnings

by Jennie Ruby View our profile on LinkedIn

Examples of training industry jargon from last week's article are coming in. What I'd like to do is collect them and then try to get a sense of how prevalent they are. 
 
The first example, sent in by Laura Gillenwater, is trainings with an s and e-learnings* with an s. Echoing the feelings of so many grammarians and word mavens, she says she sees this usage "everywhere," and it makes her want to scream. The argument she gives is that an additional word is needed: "training courses" or "e-learning modules" or "e-courses."
 
And right there is the trouble. You have to add a second word for proper usage. The sad thing is that if a new locution is shorter, it will gain traction. And if that shorter word or phrase actually fills a need, then it will probably be adopted by others.
 
The grammar problem here is that the words training and learning are non-count nouns. Non-count nouns identify a substance or concept that must first be "containerized" (see what I did there–another industry's jargon!) before the containers can be counted–like soup or water or furniture. You can't count soup. But you can count bowls of soup. You can't count water, but you can count glasses of water. And you can't count furniture ("How many furniture do you have? I have 6 furnitures. That's a no.) Usually the way you can identify a non-count noun is by doing the experiment I just ran on "furniture." 
 
Normally, you can't add an s to a non-count noun. But every day of the week restaurant servers use a shortcut. One person asks for a glass of water. The server then asks the whole table, "How many waters?" and likewise, back in the kitchen someone asks, "How many soups do we need right now?" So for efficiency, people leave off that second word, or the cumbersome phrase, "glasses of water," "bowls of soup."
 
Aside from such abbreviated usage when in a high-speed environment, new jargon also arises when people are trying to succinctly solve a problem. For a long time in the training field (should I have said "space"?) pretty much all training was classroom, face-to-face training. Now, we have classroom, we have live online training, we have self-paced eLearning.  We have MOOCs. We have webinars. So we now have to distinguish which type of "training" a person is interested in. 
 
What I'd like to find out about this new jargon of adding an s to training and eLearning* is this: do people use the word "trainings" to refer to classroom classes only?  Or to all training of every kind? I'm trying to see what the impetus is for this new usage.
 
Are other people seeing plural "trainings" everywhere? Does it have a different meaning from "training"? Feel free to post your comments below.
 
*IconLogic in-house style is to spell eLearning with no hyphen and a capital L, but some organizations spell it with a hyphen. If you have an opinion on this, I'd love to hear it. Are we moving away from the e- words with the capital letters? Was that a passing fad from when e-everything was new and different and radical? Are we normalizing it by moving toward using the hyphen? 
 
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Check out Jennie's eLearning writing classes and ensure both your voiceover scripts and eLearning scripts are ready for prime time!

An eLearning Workflow

by Sally Cox Follow us on Twitter View our profile on LinkedIn

I spent more than 15 years as an Adobe trainer, teaching people the latest features of new products. One of the things I have learned from this experience is that people don't just want to learn what's new in an application… they need guidance on incorporating the application into their workflow. They need to see the entire development process that will enable them to get their jobs done. With this in mind, the article focuses on the workflow I use when I create my eLearning courses.
 
From Paper to Adobe Illustrator
 
My eLearning courses begin life on paper (where I've sketched some ideas). I am a designer at heart, so Adobe Illustrator is a natural starting point for me. I use Illustrator to lay out the basic look and feel of my eLearning course, choose colors and fonts, and solve my design dilemmas. 
 
I start with the client's brand guidelines (or style guide), an important part of the design process. If you want to keep a client for the long term, respecting their brand is key. I work within the brand guidelines for colors, fonts, general look and feel, logo placement rules, etc.
 
I then begin laying out the cover/transition slides for my courses and a sample content slide. The image below is an example of a recent project I did. I did not have brand guidelines to work with here so I had a lot of freedom. I created these two slides in Illustrator, using swatches from the Swatches library to choose harmonious colors. I work out headers and footers, if there are any, and start to think about the interactions I will be using.
 
A design created in Illustrator
 
The Swatches in Illustrator have amazing color combinations. My favorite Swatch library? Baroque! Look at these rich colors… they typically show up in all of my projects.
 
Swatches in Illustrator have amazing color combinations 
 
I export my Illustrator graphics as transparent high-resolution PNG files for easy import into Microsoft PowerPoint, Articulate Storyline, or Adobe Captivate. To create the transparent PNG's, build the graphic on a separate artboard and note the artboard number.
 
Export as transparent high-resolution PNG files.
 
Next, choose File > Export, select the appropriate artboard, and then select PNG as the output.
 
PNG format
 
Illustrator shows you a preview of the artboard, and here you set options. I change the Resolution to High 300 PPI and Background color to Transparent. These settings allow the image to import beautifully into just about any application.
 
Transparent background
 
Microsoft PowerPoint
 
When it comes to eLearning development, I use PowerPoint as my "heavy hitter." It's the place I gather all my graphics, content and interaction ideas.
 
Why PowerPoint for eLearning? 
  1. Most everyone has it–clients like to be able to make minor edits, so giving them something they can actually use is key
  2. PowerPoint imports into Adobe Connect, Articulate Storyline, and Adobe Captivate easily
  3. I can create custom colors using the Eyedropper tool
  4. You are only limited by your imagination–think of PowerPoint as a "delivery tool," nothing more. My work doesn't LOOK like it was created in PowerPoint and yours doesn't have to either! (If you're looking to ensure your PowerPoint slides are optimized for eLearning, check out AJ's Optimizing PowerPoint Design for eLearning & Presentations class!)
Here's an example of how I grab colors from the artwork using the Eyedropper tool in PowerPoint.
 
PowerPoint design
 
Articulate Storyline
 
Storyline is my preferred authoring tool for creating eLearning courses.  My PowerPoint presentations import beautifully into Storyline which allows me to quickly get my courses up and running. Storyline recognizes PowerPoint's Master Slides, and every slide element comes in as a separate piece so I can quickly add transitions, set object timing, add Triggers, and a quiz in Storyline. Then I can quickly publish my content as HTML5 and I'm done!
 
Articulate Storyline for eLearning

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eLearning Accessibility: Keyboard Focus and Adobe Captivate

by JoAnne Juett
 
One important eLearning accessibility requirement is keyboard focus visibility. Users of visible keyboard focus may include people with low vision and people with motor or cognitive disabilities, and they will often only use the tab button to move through the interactive elements on each slide. As the user tabs through the slide, a focus indicator should appear around each interactive element.
 
Captivate conveniently defaults to a yellow focus indicator around each interactive element. If this indicator does not appear, be sure that no object is obstructing the interactive element. Prior to publishing as HTML5, display Captivate's Publish Settings (via File > Publish Settings) and ensure Hide Selection Rectangle For Slide Items in HTML5 is unchecked.
 
Hide Selection Rectangle For Slide Items in HTML5 
 
The trick remains, then, to ensure the user tabs through the focus indicator boxes in a meaningful sequence (per WCAG 2.0 guideline 2.4.3). You can do this by placing the interactive elements in order of appearance bottom to top on the Captivate Timeline. The learner will then be able to see focus indicators in the descending order on the XY axis, and the user can loop back through these indicators as needed but will not be able to skip any element in the sequence.
 
Note: Keyboard focus when using a screen reader may sometimes be in random order and cannot be controlled by the Timeline. Hopefully later versions of screen readers and Captivate will be more compatible.

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Looking to create awesome accessible eLearning? Check out this eLearning and accessibility mini course.

eLearning: When Should You Record Your Voiceover Audio?

by Kevin Siegel Follow us on Twitter View our profile on LinkedIn View our videos on YouTube

Adding voiceover audio to eLearning enhances the learner experience. And before you spend thousands of dollars hiring voiceover talent to record your audio, you should know: your voice is fine (nobody likes their own voice so trust me on this, yours will do nicely). I've been creating eLearning for years (and years and years). I've found that the voiceover audio does not have to be highly produced to be effective. In fact, home-grown audio works fine provided the audio doesn't contain loud, annoying, distracting background noise, or the narrator has a very thick accent that hinders learner comprehension.

 
But when should you record your audio? If you're creating a software demonstration or interactive simulation, should the audio be recorded while you're recording the screen actions? Perhaps it's best to record the audio later (after the screen actions have been recorded)?
 
The answer to when it's best to record audio is… wait for it… it depends.
 
When I create video demos with Adobe Captivate, Articulate Storyline, or TechSmith Camtasia Studio, I tend to record my voice at the same time that I'm recording the screen. I find that if I try to record my audio after-the-fact (in the tool itself or in an external program), it's more difficult to synchronize my audio with what's happening in the video. 
 
I find that my "off-the-cuff" video demos sound more natural when I record my voice during the recording process… more informal. You can listen to samples of my audio in videos I've posted to the IconLogic YouTube channel. The audio on my YouTube videos isn't perfect… there's some flubs here and there. But perfect audio wasn't my goal. I was trying to create quick video demos to share with fellow eLearning developers. There wasn't time to go back over the audio or the videos again and again to make things perfect. The videos I've posted to YouTube are known as "just-in-time" videos. In other words, since there isn't time to make them perfect, I record the video, do some minor edits, and just get them out there.
 
So what about interactive software simulations or soft-skills learning? With those kinds of eLearning, when should the audio be created? Since simulations or soft skills lessons are typically produced slide-by-slide (in Captivate, Storyline, PowerPoint, or Presenter), I think it's best to record or import the audio directly onto the slide once the slide is done. All of the eLearning tools will let you record audio on-the-fly… it's really easy to do.
 
On the other hand, easy doesn't necessarily translate to quality. Because none of the off-the-shelf eLearning development tools are great at recording and editing audio files (they'll do the job of course, but they're lacking a lot of essential audio editing options that you'll find in more robust audio software), consider recording your audio externally in tools such as Audacity, a free and really powerful.
 
So what's your audio workflow? What tools do you use for audio? Is there a particular microphone you use? (I've recently picked up a Blue Yeti… it's awesome!) Please feel free to share your thoughts via comments or email me directly at ksiegel@iconlogic.com.
 
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Looking for training or help with Adobe Captivate? Check out these awesome live, online Captivate classes.

Hands-On Workshop: Come Compare Adobe Captivate to Articulate Storyline to TechSmith Camtasia Studio

When: Sunday, May 15
Where: Anaheim, CA

I'm proud to announce that I'll be facilitating/refereeing an awesome hands-on pre-conference session at the STC Technical Communication Summit in Anaheim, CA later this year. The session will give attendees a chance to use some of the top eLearning development tools available today.

Here's why this session is going to be a real slug-fest: In this corner: Adobe Captivate. Over there? It's Articulate Storyline? And because this isn't a two-tool fight, look over there and you'll see TechSmith Camtasia Studio.

Bring your own laptop to this session loaded with the trial versions of Adobe Captivate, Articulate Storyline, and/or TechSmith Camtasia Studio. Sound the bell and create and publish an eLearning project in each of the tools (or just one… it's up to you). By the time you leave class, you'll have a functioning eLearning lesson you can take back and show your team/boss. Along the way, you'll be armed with information about each tool's pricing, strengths, and weaknesses.

Let the tools pound on each other and find out, first-hand, which tool is right for you!

Learn more

Effective eLearning Voiceover Audio: Sell It!

by Jeff Hanley
 
What's the objective of your eLearning? To change behavior, right? Perhaps you are trying to get learners to examine their health benefits during open enrollment and take action. Maybe you want to make them aware of safety concerns and convince them to think and act safely in the workplace.

Do you think your eLearning is going to change behavior if it is boring, and contains lackluster voiceover that's delivered in a monotone?

The first rule of an effective voiceover is "sell it." The audio is one of the most important pieces of your eLearning content and it needs to be presented in a dynamic and convincing way. Voiceover is like acting or singing. You need to project and give the audience something compelling on which to focus. Why? Many things get between you and your audience and distract them from your content.

  1. Technology. It's a long way from your microphone to the end user's ears and eyes. The technology, including the processing of audio and video for streaming, will suck the energy out of your presentation. You need to reach through that dissipation and compel your learners to pay attention and absorb your information. That requires a little extra dramatic "push" when delivering a script.
     
  2. Much eLearning is consumed at work with coworkers, meetings, phones, and email all serving as distractions. Voiceover audio that has a monotone delivery is not going to keep your audience engaged through all those distractions. Give your learners a reason to pay attention.
     
  3. Changing behavior requires convincing people to hear what you're saying, take what you're saying seriously, and take action after the eLearning. Words like importantrequiredcritical, and bottom line need to be communicated with the substance and urgency demanded by your learning objectives. 
Remember, what you are presenting is more than just "words on a page." Your eLearning might be about safety, health and well-being… perhaps your company's bottom-line is at stake. Voiceover, in this case, is not a close-up, though the microphone and quiet room where you record may make it feel that way. It's actually more like presenting in front of a big room, with air-conditioning humming, doors slamming, and people talking. You need to compel learner attention with energy, meaning, and by keeping the learning objectives in mind with the delivery of every word.

Sell it!

Note: I'll be contributing articles to this newsletter that discuss all things voiceover audio. I'll be covering best practices for microphone technique, the hardware you'll need, and the software available for recording quality voiceover for your eLearning.
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Looking to get started with eLearning? Check out these live, online classes.

Reporting eLearning Results

by Kevin Siegel Follow us on Twitter View our profile on LinkedIn View our videos on YouTube

When developing eLearning, you can elect to use Articulate Storyline, Adobe Captivate, Lectora, Camtasia Studio–there's no shortage of awesome tools.

Once the eLearning content is finished, do you need to track learner access to the content? Do you need to provide reports to your boss that show how learners have performed on a quiz? How about letting the boss know how many people have accessed specific lessons, and how many people have completed the course?

If you need your eLearning content to report data and have that data stored and available for you to format in a meaningful way, you need a Learning Management System (LMS). Before your project can be used with an LMS, you have to set up some reporting options and become familiar with the following: Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM), Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee (AICC), Sharable Content Object (SCO), and the Manifest File.

Over the next couple of weeks, I'll go over the process of preparing your eLearning content for upload into standard LMSs. This week, let's get some important terms out of the way.

Sharable Content Object Reference Model

Developed by public- and private-sector organizations, SCORM is a series of eLearning standards that specifies ways to catalog, launch, and track course objects. Courses and management systems that follow the SCORM specifications allow for sharing of courses among federal agencies, colleges, and universities. Although SCORM is not the only eLearning standard (AICC is another), SCORM is one of the most common. There are two primary versions of SCORM-version 1.2, released in 1999, and version 2004.

During this series, you will prepare and then publish a project to a SCORM-compliant LMS.

Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee

AICC is an international association that develops guidelines for the aviation industry in the development, delivery, and evaluation of training technologies. When you publish your Captivate projects, you can specify SCORM or AICC compliance, but not both. Not sure which one to pick? Talk to your LMS provider for information on which one to use. When in doubt, consider that AICC is older and more established than SCORM, but SCORM is the standard most often used today.

Tin Can API

Today's learners are consuming eLearning content using a vast array of devices (PCs, Macs, and mobile devices, such as the iPad). And learners are working outside of traditional LMSs. In spite of these challenges, educators still need to capture reliable data about the learner experience.

The problem with data collection is that you need an expensive LMS to store the data. And your learners need live access to the LMS so that they can send the data. As mentioned above, the most widely used LMS standard for capturing data is SCORM. SCORM allows educators to track such things as learner completion of a course, pass/fail rates, and the amount of time a learner takes to complete a lesson or course. But what if a trainer needs to get scores from learners who are collaborating with other students using social media? What if the learners don't have immediate access to the LMS?

The new Tin Can API allows training professionals to gather detailed data about the learner experience as the learner moves through an eLearning course (either online or offline). According to the Tin Can API website, "The Tin Can API (sometimes referred to as the Experience API) captures data in a consistent format about a person or group's activities from many technologies. Very different systems are able to securely communicate by capturing and sharing this stream of activities using Tin Can's simple vocabulary."

If the Tin Can API is supported by your LMS, you'll be happy to learn that it's also fully supported in most of today's eLearning development tools.

Sharable Content Objects

Sharable Content Objects (SCOs) are standardized, reusable learning objects. An LMS can launch and communicate with SCOs and can interpret instructions that tell the LMS which SCO to show a user and when to show it. Why should you know what an SCO is? Actually, your eLearning projects are SCOs once you enable reporting (which you will learn how to do next time).

Next time: Preparing a lesson to report data

 

Moving Classroom Training to eLearning

by Jennie Ruby View our profile on LinkedIn
 
When information needs to be moved to a new medium, we have a tendency to try to make the new medium fit the mold of the old. When the Internet was in its early days, websites would often look just like a document: whole paragraphs of text with headings, filling the screen from side to side. But soon we realized that reading on the screen was ineffective, and we learned that a good website chunks the material and uses a series of hierarchical hyperlinks to get us to the exact information we need. 
 
The same is true with eLearning. eLearning is not just an online representation of what we would do in the classroom. It's a paradigm shift. It's a new way of presenting ideas in a way that is observable and learnable in a short time on one's own. Because an adult learner has a limited amount of attention to devote to eLearning, the language and the images need to engage and involve the learner. 
 
The voiceover script of eLearning cannot have the dense layers of meaning and abstract terminology typically used in academic text meant to be read. Instead we need to use plain language, short sentences, and a proportional ratio of text to imagery. 
 
And the methods used in eLearning cannot be the same as classroom methods: lecture, note-taking, discussion.
 
That does not mean that eLearning cannot convey complex ideas and enable adults to achieve learning at a high-level on Bloom's taxonomy. But it does mean that we need to break the ideas down in some new ways, provide interactivity to help learners apply the effort needed to learn the material, and supply knowledge-check evaluations to allow learners to gain confidence in synthesizing and applying the concepts.
 
Even if the audience for an eLearning lesson is individuals with PhDs, text with a high grade-level is not appropriate for an audio voice over. It will come across as a lecture, and adults in the business world will have a hard time holding their focus on it and absorbing it. It will go by the wayside somewhere between email and the next business meeting.
 
The problem is not the difficulty of the content of high-grade-level text, but its density. Too much meaning per word, too many words per sentence, and too many sentences per visual element creates a challenge for an adult engaging with eLearning.
 
In the eLearning world, information, knowledge, and analytical skills need to be broken down into less-dense units and taught in a new and different way. By trying to stick closely with live classroom paradigms for eLearning, we risk having it fail.
 
And if it fails, it is not because eLearning cannot convey complex concepts. It is because of the failure to present the content using the methodology of eLearning.
 
What are your thoughts on this subject? Feel free to post your comments below.

Articulate Storyline vs. Adobe Captivate

A recent LinkedIn post asked eLearning developers: which tool is best: Adobe Captivate or Articulate Storyline? As I read through the comments, I was struck by how many people insisted that Storyline was the better choice because it was easier to learn than Captivate because it was so much like Microsoft PowerPoint.
 
As someone who uses both Captivate and Storyline, I have to disagree with that recurring sentiment. Sure, Storyline seems to be more like PowerPoint (there's a similar Ribbon and toolset). But honestly, how many of you are PowerPoint experts? I bet you can make a traditional presentation in PowerPoint including text, bullets, and images, but do you really know how to use PowerPoint efficiently and to its potential? I would submit that the answer is no… unless you received proper PowerPoint training. Both Captivate and Storyline seem simple at first glance… just like PowerPoint. However, PowerPoint, Storyline, and Captivate are robust development tools and if you aren't trained, you'll quickly find yourself doing the "hunt and peck" shuffle as you learn on-the-fly… spending double (perhaps triple) the time necessary to perform simple tasks.
 
I'm a big fan of both Captivate and Storyline (and TechSmith Camtasia Studio too). I'm constantly asked which tool is best (typically this question comes from new eLearning developers who are under pressure to pick one tool for their corporate eLearning initiatives over another). People want to know the inherent strengths and weaknesses of each tool.
 
My answer? It depends mainly on two things: your budget to purchase an eLearning tool (are you a one-person shop buying a single license or are you part of a team requiring multiple licenses?); and the output you are trying to provide your learners.
 
Captivate costs around $1,000. If you don't want to shell out the cash up front, you can subscribe to Captivate for around $30 per month. Given that Adobe upgrades Captivate approximately once each year, and you get the upgrades for free as part of your subscription, subscribing is a pretty good deal. Storyline is far more expensive (I've seen it listed for upwards of $2,000 and there isn't a subscription plan).
 
When it comes to output, both Captivate and Storyline can publish SWF and HTML5 content. However, if you're required to publish interactive PDFs or create responsive eLearning, the choice has to be Captivate (Storyline does not currently support either output).
 
Here's an analogy for comparing Captivate against Storyline. Consider the Toyota Tundra to the Toyota Takoma. Both are trucks. Both are awesome. Both have similar appointments in the cabin (some of the appointments are identical and if you learn how to use a feature in one truck, you know how to use it in the other). The Tundra (Captivate) can tow a house; the Takoma (Storyline) can tow a boat. The Takoma is easier to park in a small garage; the Tundra… not so much.
 
Do you need to tow a house or just a boat? If just a boat, go ahead and get the boat-puller. However, once you've purchased the boat puller and then need to pull a house… yikes!
 
If you use both Captivate and Storyline, I'd love to read your comments about both tools below as comments.
 
And of course, no matter which tool you choose, we've got an awesome collection of training classes to support you.

Development Corner: Image Formats

by Sally Cox Follow us on Twitter View our profile on LinkedIn

When it comes to adding images to websites, PowerPoint presentations, or eLearning projects, you will likely be given JPEGs, GIFs, or PNGs. Let's review the three most common image formats and why/when to use them.

JPEG

JPEG is short for "Joint Photographer's Experts Group." It is one of the most popular formats used on the web and in eLearning. JPEG compression (the act of making the image as small as possible while retaining as much quality as possible) is "lossy" compression, which means every time you save an image as a JPEG, it loses quality.
 
The first image above is a JPEG taken with my iPhone. In the second image, I have opened the file in Photoshop and zoomed in on the child's face.
 
Image far away 
 
Picture with pixels  
 
The little squares you see in the closeup image are called "pixels." Every time you save an image as a JPEG, it loses some quality by throwing out pixels. So if you are editing an image in Photoshop, always save it as the native format first, which is a PSD (Photoshop Document).
 
In the Save As dialog box in Photoshop, choose "Photoshop" as the file format. This saves as a PSD and preserves all details. Then after you finish your edits, do another Save As and choose "JPEG." The original PSD remains fully intact.
 
The image below is an example of the same photo saved multiple times as a low-quality JPEG. Notice that that there is a squarish effect happening and details are lost. This effect is known as "JPEG artifact."
 
Squarish effect 
 
JPEGs use the "RGB colorspace," which has more than 16 million colors. This allows for beautiful continuous-tone images with fluid gradations and a full range of colors. It's a good choice for continuous-tone, but does not allow transparency or animation.

GIF

The "Graphic Interchange Format" (GIF) works in the "Indexed colorspace," so its color palette is quite limited–just 256 colors. GIFs do, however, support transparency and animation (the once-hated animated GIF is making a comeback; I see it every day on Facebook). The oldest format on the web (created in 1989), GIFs are saved as "lossless" compression.

In the image below, I have saved the image as a GIF and it contains just 256 colors. You can see that the image has lost some of its detail.

Detail lost with a  GIF 
 
Here is an example of an image containing just 8 colors–all detail is gone and the image has a "posterized" effect.
 
Posterized effect 
 
GIFs are perfect for "flat color," i.e., logos or flat design graphics that don't have gradations or continuous-tone (remember: only 256 colors). 
 
PNG
 
The "Portable Network Graphic" was created (approved as a web standard in 1996) to provide high quality continuous-tone but also allow for transparency and animation.

PNGs are saved in the RGB colorspace, so they have the full range of 16 million+ colors. What I like best about PNGs is the ability to save transparency, which I use every day in my workflow. I save my graphics as high-quality PNGs and allow transparency (a checkbox I choose in Adobe Illustrator when I export a graphic to PNG).

In a recent project I wanted to use an image of a headset, and I needed the background to be transparent. I opened the image in Adobe Illustrator and set the Export PNG options to High Quality and set the Background Color to Transparency.
 
PNG Options in Adobe Illustrator 
 
Thanks to the Transparency option, I had the freedom to overlay the headset on the green background shown below.
 
Transparent image in action

To Recap:

  JPEG GIF "PNG"
COLORS 16 MILLION + 256 16 MILLION +
TRANSPARENCY NO YES YES
ANIMATION NO YES YES
CONTINUOUS-TONE YES NO YES
FLAT COLOR NO YES YES
 
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If you'd like to attend some awesome 3-hour mini courses that focus on eLearning, check these out.